Taking them in order.
The compensation section states what your agent's brokerage earns on a purchase, expressed as a percentage or a flat dollar amount, and it's the obligation you're agreeing to. "Other compensation" is usually where fees that don't come from you get disclosed, referral payments, bonuses offered by a builder, administrative or transaction fees the brokerage charges on top of the commission. That last one catches people, because a transaction coordination fee of several hundred dollars can sit there while everyone talks about the percentage. Ask for the total dollar figure, not the rate.
Designated agency is a state-law concept, and whether it's available and what it permits varies by state. The general mechanism: when one brokerage happens to represent both the buyer and the seller on the same property, the brokerage assigns different individual agents to each side, and those two agents owe their duties to their own client rather than to each other. What you're consenting to when you initial that disclosure is that arrangement happening later without a fresh negotiation. Some states also allow dual agency where one agent represents both sides, and some prohibit it. A real estate attorney in your state is the person to ask about which rules apply to you.
Termination and the protection period aren't in conflict, they cover different periods. Termination ends the agent's authority to act for you going forward. The protection period says that for some window after termination, often 60 to 180 days, if you buy a property the agent introduced you to during the term, the fee is still owed. So the survival of the fee obligation outlives the relationship. Two things to negotiate there: shorten the window, and require the agent to deliver a written list of the specific properties covered at termination. Without a named list, the scope of that clause is whatever the brokerage later says it was.
