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Lending against farmland at 55 percent LTV versus buying a fractional position outright, trying to figure out which one actually fits what I'm building

I keep coming back to this. My lawyer and I are putting together a small lending fund, first deal probably somewhere between $300k and $500k, and the collateral we're looking at is a 200-acre corn and soybean operation in central Illinois that last appraised at $9,200 an acre, so call it $1.84 million. At 55 percent LTV we'd be in at roughly $1 million, rate we're pricing is around 8.5 percent, first lien, two-year term with an extension option. That pencils to about $85,000 a year in interest income before servicing costs and legal. The floor is what draws me, not the upside, because I don't get the upside. If the borrower walks I'm foreclosing on grade A dirt at a basis that's well below current market. That's the whole thesis.

The competing option I keep looking at is a co-ownership structure on a similar-quality parcel in the same region, maybe 15 to 20 percent of a 480-acre tract, so a $250k to $300k check, cash rent around $280 an acre, which at my slice works out to something like $13,000 to $16,000 a year. Lower yield, but I own the ground and I participate if that $9,200 an acre becomes $10,500 in six years.

The yield gap is real. Lending wins on income. Ownership wins if land keeps moving. What I can't model cleanly is how the legal complexity and time cost of the lending structure compares to the simplicity of just owning a piece of dirt with a competent operator already on it. Anyone done both and formed an actual opinion on which is harder to run?

2 replies

The part that bites on the lending side that almost nobody budgets for upfront is the extension negotiation at month 18. Borrower's not in default but needs another year, and suddenly you're back in front of your attorney doing a full amendment, maybe a new appraisal at $1,500 to $2,000, and that eats a non-trivial slice of your $85k before you've even touched servicing. On the co-ownership side the headache is usually the co-owner agreement itself, specifically what happens when one party wants to sell and the other doesn't, and in central Illinois I've watched that drag out 14 months on a 320-acre split because the buy-sell clause was vague.

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