I read the HOA summary sheet. The declaration says one lease per dwelling.
I hold two land parcels that produce nothing but tax bills. The house was supposed to be the thing that paid those bills, so last year I bought a 4 bed 2.5 bath in a 1990s subdivision for $312k with the plan of renting it room by room at $795 a room.
The HOA came up in diligence. I got the two page welcome packet the listing agent had on file, which said rentals were permitted with a minimum 12 month term. That matched my plan, so I stopped there. I never pulled the recorded declaration or the four amendments to it. The third amendment, from 2011, says a dwelling may be occupied under one lease agreement and by a single family or not more than two unrelated adults.
I furnished the house ($8,600), swapped the bedroom knobs for keyed ones ($740), added a second washer ($900), and filled two rooms in five weeks. Then a board letter arrived. I paid an attorney $1,850 to tell me the amendment was enforceable in my state and that fighting it would cost more than the spread was worth. I gave the two tenants 60 days and $600 each toward moving, sold most of the furniture for $3,100, and put the house on a whole house lease at $2,275.
Cash out of pocket on the unwind was roughly $9,600. The bigger number is the spread I underwrote and don't get, about $905 a month against the whole house rent.
What I'd do differently: order the full recorded declaration plus every amendment during the inspection period, read the occupancy language myself, and get the board's written answer on room rentals before I remove contingencies. How covenants get enforced varies by state, so that's an attorney question the first time in any new market.