First time reading a 990-T. Check my understanding before I pay someone?
I've spent a week going through the mechanics of debt-financed income inside a self-directed IRA and I want to state what I think I know in plain language so someone can tell me where I'm wrong. I'll hire a CPA regardless, I'd just rather hire one already knowing what I'm asking.
What I think is true:
- Rental income, capital gains, and interest earned by an IRA are exempt from unrelated business income tax under the code. So an unleveraged rental inside an IRA just compounds.
- If the IRA borrows to buy the property, the portion of income attributable to the borrowed money loses that exemption and becomes unrelated debt-financed income.
- That income is reported on Form 990-T and taxed at trust rates, which reach the top federal bracket at a very low income level, something like $14,450 in 2026.
- There's a $1,000 threshold below which you don't file.
- The IRA pays the tax, not me. So the tax comes out of account cash and reduces what compounds.
- A Solo 401(k) is generally not subject to this on real property debt.
Where I'm unsure: whether item 5 is right, and whether the $1,000 threshold is gross or net. Those two together change whether a small leveraged rental is worth doing at all.