When the cost approach outweighs the sales grid on an appraisal that lands well under expectation
Take a duplex, both sides 2/1, bought 26 months ago at 318k with roughly 71k put into it since: new roof, both kitchens, a full electrical rework, exterior paint, a rebuilt rear stair. Rents moved from 1,050 and 1,100 to 1,475 each, both on 12 month leases signed in the last five months. A rate and term refi request expecting 465k comes back at 412k. In a report like this, the sales comparison grid often carries three duplex sales, one at 9 months old, two at 13 and 15 months, all within a mile and a half. Condition adjustments of 12k, 8k and 15k can feel light against 71k of renovation, though contributory value is never the same as cost. A small income section using a gross rent multiplier applied to current rents often lands meaningfully below the sales grid and gets described as supporting but given no weight. The cost approach can come in well above both, with reconciliation still giving primary weight to sales comparison. The recurring issue in a thin submarket is that there may be no duplex sale in the trailing six months, so the appraiser works with what closed in the prior twelve, which is exactly what shows up in the grid. The practical choices are to file a reconsideration of value with renovation invoices and signed leases attached, accept the lower value and take the smaller loan, or pull the request and wait for a better comp to close. Against a short lock window, an ROV built on documented capital improvements and current signed leases is usually the fastest path that doesn't require sitting on the property waiting for the market to produce a comp.