Let a drone roof scan stand in for an inspection. $9,400.
Small mixed-use building, two retail bays downstairs and four apartments up, in a secondary market. I was the money on this one with a local operating partner. My whole job is underwriting, so this failure is mine and it's a boring one.
The building has two roof sections. The front is a pitched shingle section over the apartments. The back is a low-slope section over the retail bays, the kind that's nearly flat and drains to two interior drains.
We were in a tight inspection window and the roofer we wanted was three weeks out. Our seller had a drone package from the marketing side, a licensed Part 107 pilot, decent camera, and the pilot offered to reshoot the roof for us at $475 with close-in stills. That's what we did. The imagery came back clean. No missing shingles, no obvious punctures, flashing looked intact at the parapet. I wrote the roof up as five to seven years of remaining life and moved on.
What the imagery couldn't tell me:
The low-slope section was ponding. Water was sitting near one of the drains and had been for a long time. From directly overhead in dry weather, ponding is close to invisible, because you're looking straight down at a surface that reads flat either way. The staining that would have told the story is only obvious from an angle or from standing on it. The membrane under the ponded area was saturated and about a third of the insulation below it was wet.
Second thing, the decking on the pitched section had two soft spots. You find soft decking by stepping on it. A camera at forty feet does not step on anything.
We closed in April. The first real rain in June put water into the back retail bay's ceiling. Tear-off and replacement of the low-slope section plus decking repairs on the pitched side came to $9,400 against a reserve of $2,000 I'd carried for roof patching. On a deal with $61,000 of first-year cash flow projected, that's not fatal. It ate the entire cushion I keep for the things I don't know about, in month two.
Some plain definitions for anyone newer, because I had to learn them in the wrong order. Part 107 is the FAA certificate a pilot needs to fly commercially in the US. It says the person is qualified to operate the aircraft safely and legally. It says nothing about whether they know what a roof is supposed to look like. Ponding is standing water that doesn't drain within a couple of days, and it's the main killer of low-slope roofs. Low-slope means nearly flat with just enough pitch to move water.
What I'd do differently: I'd use the drone imagery as a reason to send someone up, never as a reason not to. And I'd have extended the inspection period by ten days and paid the extension rather than substituting a cheaper tool for the right one. The three weeks I saved cost me $9,400.